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Portals to the World star star star star star
This site from the Library of Congress provides links to information about the nations and regions of the world covering topics like education, culture, history, government, language, literature, media, religion, science, and geography.
Intended Audience: General Reading Level: Varies Teacher Section: No Searchable: No

Social Studies: History

  Curriculum Standard 18
Students will demonstrate a knowledge of the chronology and significant developments of world history including the study of ancient, medieval, and modern Europe (Western civilization) with particular emphasis on those developments that have shaped the experience of the entire globe over the last 500 years and those ideas, institutions, and cultural legacies that have directly influenced American thought, culture, and politics.

Proficiency Standards
By the end of grade six students will be able to:

  • Employ the techniques of historical analysis, interpretation, and comprehension identified in curriculum standard 16 as well as the themes described on page 32 to gain an understanding of significant developments in world history including Western civilization.


  • Demonstrate a basic understanding of the origin, development, and distinctive characteristics of major ancient, classical, and agrarian civilizations including the Mesopotamian, Ancient Hebrew, Egyptian, Nubian (Kush), Greek, Roman, Gupta Indian, Han Chinese, Islamic, Byzantine, Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, and Incan Civilizations.


  • Discuss the connections among civilizations from earliest times as well as the continuing growth in interaction among the world's people including the impact of changes in transportation and communication.


  • Demonstrate an understanding of major landmarks in the human use of the environment from Paleolithic times to the present including the agricultural transformation at the beginning; the industrial transformation in recent centuries; and the current technological revolution.


  • Demonstrate a basic understanding of the distinctive characteristics of major contemporary societies and cultures of Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East.

Proficiency Standards
By the end of grade ten students will be able to:

  • Discuss the political, philosophical, and cultural legacies of ancient Greece and Rome.


  • Compare the origin, central ideas, institutions, and worldwide influence of major religious and philosophical traditions including Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism.


  • Discuss the contributions of Judaism and Christianity to the development of Western civilization.


  • Demonstrate an understanding of major developments in Europe during the Middle Ages including nomadic invasions from the Eurasian Steppes; interactions with the Muslim world; Byzantine Empire; Black Death; and feudalism and the evolution of representative government.


  • Demonstrate an understanding of major developments in Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries including the Renaissance and the Reformation; the rise of the Ottoman Empire; the origins of capitalism; and exploration and colonization.


  • Discuss the significance of the English Revolution of the 17th century including its political ideas and the development of parliamentary government, at home and in the colonies.


  • Discuss the evolution of Western culture and ideas during the Enlightenment including the scientific revolution of the 17th century and the intellectual revolution of the 18th century.


  • Discuss the causes, results, and influence on the rest of the world of the American and French Revolutions.


  • Discuss the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the world including its social and economic consequences and its effect on politics and culture.


  • Discuss the origins, political ideas, and worldwide effects on society, politics, and economics of the European ideologies of the 19th and 20th centuries including Conservatism, Liberalism, republicanism, social democracy, Marxism, Communism, Fascism, Nazism, and nationalism.


  • Discuss the nature and growth of European imperialism in the 18th and 19th centuries as well as decolonization in the 20th century including the consequences of both in Europe and their effects in Africa, India, East Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas.


  • Demonstrate an understanding of the causes and worldwide consequences of World War I, the Russian Revolutions, World War II, the Chinese Revolution, the Cold War, and post-World War II conflicts.


  • Discuss the significance of major cultural, economic, and political developments in the 20th century including the development and internationalization of art, music, and literature; the worldwide quest for democracy, political freedom, and human rights; the making of the European community of nations; the growth of international trade; and new approaches to worldwide cooperation and interdependence.

Social Studies: Geography

  Curriculum Standard 11
Students will demonstrate an understanding of the physical and human geographic features that define places and regions.

Proficiency Standards
By the end of grade ten students will be able to:

  • Analyze how language, tradition, and other cultural elements shape peoples' perceptions and opinions about places and regions.
  Curriculum Standard 13
Students will demonstrate an understanding of the impact of human systems on Earth's surface including the characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations; the nature and complexity of patterns of cultural diffusion; patterns and networks of economic interdependence; processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement; and the forces of cooperation and conflict that shape human geographic divisions.

Proficiency Standards
By the end of grade six students will be able to:
  • Employ demographic and cultural characteristics, including age, gender, ethnicity, and language, to describe populations.


  • Define the major components of culture and write a description of their culture.

Proficiency Standards
By the end of grade ten students will be able to:

  • Analyze how various factors, including resources, boundaries, strategic locations, culture, and politics, contribute to cooperation and conflict within and between countries.

 

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